[45] It was also reported that due to high winds, seven other people were killed in Odisha. Hourly (a) wind stress (N m−2), (b) potential temperature (°C), (c) salinity (psu), and (d) potential density (kg m−3) from mooring BD10 at different depths.

3c,e,f), as a result of shear-induced mixing. The poststorm minus prestorm SSS from the Aquarius satellite is in good agreement with mooring measurements at 18°N, but not at 16.5°N. 2009; Jaimes and Shay 2009, 2015; Yablonsky and Ginis 2013; Girishkumar and Ravichandran 2012; Lin et al. Prestorm potential temperature and density at 75- and 100-m depth show a signature of internal waves with the period of the semidiurnal tide.

Surface forcing is derived from hourly moored observations with the COARE 3.0 algorithm (Fairall et al.

Observed and model temperature at 5 and 15 m both warm gradually after 12 October (Fig. These are also dominantly of near-inertial frequency below 60-m depth (Figs. In the first part, we study the response of the upper ocean with the help of in situ observations from moorings and Aquarius sea surface salinity data. 4c). An estimated million people were moved from their homes along the Orissa and Andhra Pradesh homes, many of them into temporary shelters.

There is risk of trees falling and disruption of light or electricity poles. 1986).

Explore frequently asked questions about Cyclone Phailin, and learn how you can help children and families in India today.

The response of the upper ocean to cyclones is sensitive to the vertical structure of prestorm salinity and temperature. However, beneath the track (at BD10), model results differ from observations, except during a short period of intense mixing as the storm approaches the mooring. The task force includes men, women, and youth from within the community who are trained in disaster preparedness, including search and rescue, basic first aid, and protecting livestock. Some recent studies address the interaction between tropical cyclones and the ocean in the presence of a “barrier layer,” that is, a deep, warm isothermal layer lying beneath a shallow, salinity-stratified layer (Sengupta et al.

A similar sensitivity experiment at mooring BD10 (Simulation S10a) indicates that prestorm salinity stratification has significant influence on SST cooling under the cyclone track.

The depths of measurements are marked by black dots on the y axis of (a).

1998); however, if we account for the observed relative vorticity gradient, reduces to 1.3 days.

The areas of West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Bihar and eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh are likely to experience heavy rainfall and strong winds. “Many people refused to move, had to be convinced, and at times the police had to forcefully move them to safe places,” he said. (©2013 World Vision/photo by Dharmendra Nayak), Women carry a relief pack of dry rations from a World Vision distribution for families in the community of Berhampur Town after Cyclone Phailin.

Basic characteristics of Cyclone Phailin. Hourly (a) wind stress (N m−2), (b) shear-squared (smoothed by 3-h moving average on both time and depth). The temperature–salinity structure of the upper ocean in the north BoB is quite different in these two seasons. Aquarius SSS increases by 1–4 psu, with the largest increase in the region of lowest prestorm SSS.

Standard error bars indicate uncertainty arising from surface forcing.

Over the next few days, it moved westwards within an area of low to moderate vertical wind shear, before as it passed over the Malay Peninsula, it moved out of the Western Pacific Basin on October 6.

Cyclone Phailin destroyed the home her family had built using borrowed money and savings from her husband’s $3 daily wage.

Before the storm, the ocean has a warm, nearly isothermal layer to at least 50-m depth (the next sensor is at 75 m). 2008; Mei and Pasquero 2012; Haney et al.

IMD officials said they had prepared for a ‘super-cyclone’ but Phailin not exceeded a ‘sever cyclonic storm’ – its term for a cyclone. 1a) [we use best track and other data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD)].

The vertical spacing of working CT sensors is too coarse to estimate mixed layer depth. [10] They also warned that heavy to very heavy rainfall would occur over the islands while some damage to thatched huts, power and communication lines was expected.

Surface pressure is from direct observation at mooring BD10. In addition, a slowly varying background flow is evident at all depths in the observed velocity field, for instance the background flow at BD10 is northwestward and has a typical speed of 24 cm s−1 (see Figs. India’s disaster ministry expected Phailin to come ashore as a super cyclone, with winds in excess of 157 mph, but the storm made landfall as a Category 4 at 125 mph. Net storm-induced SST cooling is −0.77°C in the moored observations and in the control run (Simulation B10a), whereas it is nearly −1.4° ± 0.12°C in the sensitivity experiment (Simulation S10a; Fig.

[36], The coastal districts of the state escaped the force of the cyclone.

[9][10][11] During that day, the system moved towards the west-northwest into an environment favorable for more development, before the IMD reported that the system had become a deep depression early on October 9, as it intensified and consolidated further.

During the next day, Phailin intensified rapidly and became a very severe cyclonic storm on October 10, equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS).

The prestorm salinity at 10-m depth (the CT sensors at 5, 20, and 30 m failed) is 30 psu at BD10, nearly 2 psu lower than at 18°N (i.e., at moorings BD08, BD09, and INC). He showed that the rotation of a given vertical mode depends on the mode number.

Why is Cyclone Phailin sometimes called a super typhoon, super cyclone, or superstorm? In the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean, the same type of storm is called a cyclone. At wind speed higher than 20 m s−1, we follow the prescription of Powell et al. Three-hourly locations of Cyclone Phailin (IMD track data) are marked by open circles of different sizes: D, DD, CS, and VSCS stand for depression, deep depression, cyclonic storm, and very severe cyclonic storm. 2006; Papa et al. The observations show a rapid decay of near-inertial currents in the upper mixed layer and suggest that mixed-layer energy is carried to subsurface by large-amplitude near-inertial waves (Figs. Near-inertial velocities below the mixed layer are nearly 1.5 times larger at mooring BD10 (0.75 m s−1) than at BD09 mooring (0.5 m s−1, see Fig.

Out of these cyclones ‘super Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Phailin was the most intense tropical cyclone to make landfall in India since the 1999 Odisha cyclone. The influence of tropical cyclones on the space–time evolution of ocean salinity was not well documented until recently.

Various aspects of winds, rainfall, and storm surge associated with Cyclone Phailin, and the impact of Phailin on temperature and chlorophyll in the upper ocean, have been reported in Kotal et al. 13a). Standard error (red bars) estimates of wind stress are marked in (a). In the final part, we briefly address an important question.

(2014), and in the modeling study of Prakash and Pant (2017). The existence of prestorm salinity stratification at 5–20-m depth reduces ΔSST by 0.7°C, i.e., half of the observed value of ΔSST (see Table 3). [11] After the system made landfall, the JTWC issued their final advisory on Phailin; on the next day, the IMD reported that the system had weakened into a cyclonic storm. A nearly isothermal, salinity-stratified barrier layer in the prestorm upper ocean has two effects.