At least 11 people have died in Dili, the capital of East Timor. [citation needed]. [122] The Assemblies of God is the largest and most active of the Protestant denominations.[122]. At least 10 bodies were recovered elsewhere in the tiny nation, which shares Timor island with Indonesia. [67], The economy of East Timor is a market economy, which used to depend upon exports of a few commodities such as coffee, marble, petroleum, and sandalwood. However, Portuguese control was reinstated after the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The situation only worsened after Ramos-Horta swore in Gusmão as prime minister of a coalition government even though the CNRT—renamed, with the same acronym, the National Congress for the Reconstruction of Timor (Congresso Nacional de Reconstrução do Timor)—finished second to Fretilin in the July 2007 parliamentary elections. Crafts include pottery, wood and ivory carving, plaiting, coir production, and basket making. Around the world, oil and gas development often comes with war, corruption, dictatorship, repression and environmental destruction. [16] In 2011, East Timor announced its intention to become the eleventh member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). [42] On 25 October 1999, the administration of East Timor was taken over by the UN through the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), headed by Sergio Vieira de Mello. [115], Since independence, both Indonesian and Tetum have lost ground as media of instruction, while Portuguese has increased: in 2001 only 8.4% of primary school and 6.8% of secondary school students attended a Portuguese-medium school; by 2005 this had increased to 81.6% for primary and 46.3% for secondary schools. Studie: Die Länder mit den wenigsten Urlaubern der Welt", "The International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology", "Maubere" article at the German Wikipedia, "Chinese in East Timor: Identity, Society and Economy", "Timor Leste, Tetum, Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia or English? You have to decide whether it’s in the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Hemisphere. Oil and gas under the Timor Sea between East Timor and Australia are essential to East Timor’s economic future. [citation needed] A provisional agreement (the Timor Sea Treaty, signed when East Timor became independent on 20 May 2002) defined a Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA) and awarded 90% of revenues from existing projects in that area to East Timor and 10% to Australia. [78] In 2009, about 67,000 households grew coffee in East Timor, with a large proportion of those households being poor. The Creation of the East Timorese Economy. It also has an internal security role, which overlaps with that of the National Police of East Timor (Polícia Nacional de Timor-Leste, PNTL). Dili is the capital and largest city. More information on maritime issues found on the site. [25] Descendants of at least three waves of migration are believed still to live in East Timor. Dili is East Timor’s largest city where you’ll find new restaurants, textile shops, produce markets, and seafood stands… The earlier Veddo-Australoid peoples withdrew at this time to the mountainous interior. East Timor, island country in the eastern Lesser Sunda Islands, at the southern extreme of the Malay Archipelago. It is bounded to the north by the island of Timor, to the east by the Arafura Sea, to the south by Australia and to the west by the Indian Ocean. The total land size is 14,919 km2 (5,760 sq mi). It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor. Since its independence from Indonesia, East-Timor has become an essential actor in Southeast Asia. [74] Private sector development has lagged due to human capital shortages, infrastructure weakness, an incomplete legal system, and an inefficient regulatory environment. After World War II, the remaining exiles were pardoned and allowed to return.[35]. The dismissal contributed to a general collapse of both the F-FDTL and PNTL in May and forced the government to request foreign peacekeepers to restore security. In January 2014 Gusmão announced his intention to step down as prime minister. [citation needed], Before European colonialism, Timor was included in Indonesian/Malaysian, Chinese, and Indian trading networks, and in the 14th century was an exporter of aromatic sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. East Timor Sea Piracy News Monitoring. These are known as uma lulik ("sacred houses") in Tetum and lee teinu ("legged houses") in Fataluku. Hilly areas are covered with sandalwood. The number of seats can vary from a minimum of fifty-two to a maximum of sixty-five. [40], Indonesia's occupation of East Timor was marked by violence and brutality. The following year, Gusmão declined another presidential term, and in the build-up to the mid-year presidential elections there were renewed outbreaks of violence. There are also four colleges. [138], This article is about the current country. East Timor has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours 0 earthquakes in the past 7 days; 2 earthquakes in the past 30 days; 59 earthquakes in the past 365 days A history of treaties in the Timor Sea The Ambeno area has valuable sandalwood forests, coconut groves, and rice plantations. [citation needed], An extensive collection of Timorese audiovisual material is held at the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia. [34], Portuguese Timor had been a place of exile for political and social opponents deported from the metropolis since the late nineteenth century. [86], There are no patent laws in East Timor. [79], As regards telecommunications infrastructure, East Timor is the second to last ranked Asian country in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI), with only Myanmar falling behind it in southeast Asia. The western part belongs to the Republic of Indonesia, and is sometimes referred to as West Timor, while the eastern part forms the nation of East Timor. [1] A 2016 survey conducted by the Demographic and Health Survey programme showed that Catholics made up 98.3% of the population, Protestants 1.2%, and Muslims 0.3%. After the declaration of East Timor's nationhood in 1999, the terms of the Timor Gap Treaty were abandoned and negotiations commenced between Australia and East Timor, culminating in the Timor Sea Treaty. [27], Timorese origin myths tell of ancestors who sailed around the eastern end of Timor arriving on land in the south. About seven-tenths of the population is rural. [73], The country's economy is dependent on government spending and, to a lesser extent, assistance from foreign donors. In the Athens 2004 Olympic Games, East Timorese athletes participated in athletics, weightlifting and boxing. [88] In the last five years tourism has been increasing and the number of hotels and resorts has increased. East Timor applied for membership in ASEAN in 2011. While the Constitution of East Timor enshrines the principles of freedom of religion and separation of church and state in Section 45 Comma 1, it also acknowledges "the participation of the Catholic Church in the process of national liberation" in its preamble (although this has no legal value). It overlapped East Timor's own territorial claim, which followed the former colonial power Portugal and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in claiming that the dividing line should be midway between the two countries. Updates? The sea has a number of reefs, islands where no one lives and significant hydrocarbon reserves. [citation needed], The main tribes of predominantly Papuan origin include the Bunak (84,000), in the central interior of Timor island; the Fataluku (40,000), at the eastern tip of the island near Lospalos; and the Makasae (70,000), toward the eastern end of the island. The country is still in the process of building its administration and governmental institutions. [20][46] On 22 March 2002, the Constituent Assembly approved the Constitution. [132] Two further feature-length films, Abdul & José and Ema Nudar Umanu, were respectively released on 30 July 2017 through the television network of RTTL[133][134] and on 16 August 2018 at the Melbourne International Film Festival. [38] Indonesia declared East Timor its 27th province on 17 July 1976. The former sultan of Malacca decided to retake his city from the Portuguese with a fleet of ships from Lusung in 1525 A.D., SOURCE: Barros, Joao de, Decada terciera de Asia de Ioano de Barros dos feitos que os Portugueses fezarao no descubrimiento dos mares e terras de Oriente [1628], Lisbon, 1777, courtesy of William Henry Scott, Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994, page 194. In 2013, the first East Timorese feature film, Beatriz's War, was released. [103], Under Indonesian rule, the use of Portuguese was banned and only Indonesian was allowed to be used in government offices, schools and public business. The area has a dry tropical climate and moderate rainfall. Other indigenous languages accounted for 10.47%, while 1.09% of the population spoke foreign languages natively. To the north of the island are the Ombai Strait, Wetar Strait, and the greater Banda Sea. [69], East Timor now has revenue from offshore oil and gas reserves, but little of it has been spent on the development of villages, which still rely on subsistence farming. Corrections? East Timor is a young, impoverished nation with natural resources in its backyard. : True Value of a Timor Sea Gas Resource (26 Mar 05)", "Prime Minister and Cabinet, Timor-Leste Government – Media Releases", "East Timor spying case: PM Xanana Gusmao calls for Australia to explain itself over ASIO raids", "Boosting Growth through the Growth Triangle « Government of Timor-Leste", "Keine Lust auf Massentourismus? On 27 September 2002, East Timor was renamed Timor-Leste, using the Portuguese language, and was admitted as a member state by the UN. 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